230V to 110V ,200W SOLID STATE TRANSFORMER

Transformers are fundamental components of the power distribution system and are relatively  inexpensive,  highly  reliable,  and  fairly  efficient.  However,  they  possess  some undesirable properties including sensitivity to harmonics, voltage drop under load, (required) protection  from  system  disruptions  and  overload,  protection  of  the  system  from  problems arising  at  or  beyond  the  transformer,  environmental  concerns  regarding  mineral  oil,  and performance under dc-offset load unbalances. These disadvantages are becoming increasingly important  as  power  quality  becomes  more  of  a  concern.  With  the  advancement  of  power electronics  circuits  and  devices,  the  all  solid-state  transformer  becomes  a  viable  option  to replace the conventional copper and-  iron based transformer for a better power quality. The solid-state switching technologies allow power conversion between different formats such as dc/dc, dc/ac, ac/dc, and ac/ac with any desired frequencies. Moreover in order to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas and replace the limited energy  sources  like  coal,  oil  or  uranium,  the  number  of  renewable  energy  sources  is constantly growing. This development results in a rising number of  distributed power plants, which are principally subject to substantial energy fluctuations. In order to easily connect the new energy sources to the grid and improve the power quality by harmonic filtering, voltage sag correction and highly dynamic control of the power flow new power electronic systems  -so  called  Intelligent  Universal  /  Solid-State  Transformers  (SST)  –  are  required.  These interconnecting  devices  would  enable  full  control  of  magnitude  and  direction  of  real  and reactive power flow and could replace not controllable, voluminous and heavy line frequency transformers.  Based on such devices a smart grid comparable to the internet, where a plug and  play  connection  of  sources  and  loads,  distributed  energy  uploads  and  downloads  and energy routing for transferring energy from the producer to the consumer, is possible BLOCK DIAGRAM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM BRIDGE RECTIFIER AND BUCK CONVERTER INVERTER HARDWARE PICTURE BULB WITH HIGH BRIGHTNESS IS THE OUTPUT OF BUCK STAGE AND  LESS BRIGHTNESS IS THE OUTPUT OF INVERTER STAGE PROGRAM BUCK STAGE void setup() { setPwmFrequency(11, 1); analogWrite(11,150); } void loop() { } void setPwmFrequency(int pin, int divisor) { byte mode; if(pin == 5 || pin == 6 || pin == 9 || pin == 10) { switch(divisor) { case 1: mode = 0x01; break; case 8: mode = 0x02; break; case 64: mode = 0x03; break; case 256: mode = 0x04; break; case 1024: mode = 0x05; break; default: return; } if(pin == 5 || pin == 6) { TCCR0B = TCCR0B & 0b11111000 | mode; } else  DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A SOLID STATE TRANSFORMER 86 EEE Dept. NSSCE, PALAKKAD { TCCR1B = TCCR1B & 0b11111000 | mode; } } else if(pin == 3 || pin == 11) { switch(divisor) { case 1: mode = 0x01; break; case 8: mode = 0x02; break; case 32: mode = 0x03; break; case 64: mode = 0x04; break; case 128: mode = 0x05; break; case 256: mode = 0x06; break; case 1024: mode = 0x7; break; default: return; } TCCR2B = TCCR2B & 0b11111000 | mode; } }